Pratiśyaya is an Ayurvedic term for nasal disorders caused by vitiation of Vāta, Pitta, Kapha in nāsā-mārga (nasal passages). It manifests as sneezing, nasal discharge, congestion, heaviness of head and smell disturbances. Allergic rhinitis is correlated with Kapha-pradhāna Pratiśyaya.

"नासा शिरसि संश्रिता दोषैः संप्रदूषिता। प्रत्यश्यय इति प्रोक्तो नासारोगः स उच्यते॥"
(सुश्रुत संहिता, उत्तर तन्त्र २२/३)

Classical: Suśruta, Charaka, Mādhava describe Pratiśyaya as a Kapha-Vāta disorder localized in nose and head. Types: Vātaja, Pittaja, Kaphaja, Sannipātaja, Ābhighātaja.
Modern: Rhinitis is inflammation of nasal mucosa. Types: allergic (IgE-mediated), infectious, chronic sinusitis-related. Symptoms: sneezing, rhinorrhea, congestion, headache, anosmia.

• Guru, snigdha, abhishyandi āhāra (milk, curd, fried foods, heavy sweets).

  "दधिमाक्षिकनवनीतानुपानं श्वासकारणम्।"
  (अष्टाङ्गहृदय, सूत्रस्थान ४/२)

• Sheeta jala, ice, cold foods at night.
• Viruddhāhāra (milk + fish, fruits with milk).
• Excess sour, salty, fermented foods.

• Diwasvapna (day sleep), Avyayama (no exercise).
• Ati-shīta-sevana (cold exposure, damp weather, AC).
• Ratrijagarana (night vigil).
• Exposure to dust, smoke, pollen, wind.
• Vegavidharana (suppression of sneezing, coughing).

Kapha + Vāta aggravation in nāsā → srotorodha of Prāṇavaha + Rasavaha srotas → inflammation of nasal mucosa → śīrṣa-ruja, kṣavathu, nāsā-srava.

"प्रत्यश्ययो नाम नासिकाविवरे दोषसंश्रयात्। शिरोरुग्घ्राणदौरग्ध्यं कासश्वासश्च जायते॥"
(माधवनिदान २४/१)

Ayurveda: Lakṣaṇa parīkṣa, nāsā-parīkṣa, doṣa-dominance.
Modern: CBC (eosinophilia), IgE, skin prick allergy test, X-ray/CT PNS.

• Nasal itching
• Frequent yawning
• Repeated sneezing
• Heaviness in head
• Watery eyes

• Premature greying of hair (before 30 years)
• Progressive loss of natural black pigment in scalp hair
• Associated hair fall or thinning in some cases
• Dry, rough, brittle hair strands
• Scalp burning or itching (in Pitta-dominant type)
• Early greying with familial/genetic predisposition
• Psychological distress, anxiety, low confidence

• Nasal discharge – watery or thick
• Sneezing spells
• Nasal blockage
• Headache, heaviness
• Loss of smell

• Vātaja Pratiśyaya – dryness, scanty discharge, headache.
• Pittaja – burning, yellow-green discharge, fever.
• Kaphaja – thick white mucus, heaviness.
• Sannipātaja – mixed features.
• Ābhighātaja – trauma induced.
• Allergic type – episodic, pollen/dust related.

• Sinusitis
• Otitis media
• Asthma exacerbation
• Chronic nasal polyps

Acute rhinitis = sadhya. Chronic/allergic forms = yapya. Complicated sinusitis = krichrasadhya. Severe degeneration = asadhya.

• General: Nidana parivarjana, kapha-vāta shamana, dīpana-pācana.
• Panchakarma: Vamana for Kapha; Virechana for Pitta; Nasya with Anu taila, Shadbindu taila; Dhoomapāna with Haridra, Vacha.
• Herbal: Sitopalādi Churna, Talisādi Churna, Trikatu, Haridra Khanda, Vyoshadi Vati, Kantakari Ghrita.
• External: Steam inhalation with ajwain/eucalyptus; Triphala kwatha nasal wash; turmeric + mustard oil lepa.
• Pathya: Ginger tea, black pepper, tulsi, warm water.
• Apathya: Cold foods, curd, banana, ice cream, dust exposure.
• Yoga & Prāṇāyāma: Anuloma-Viloma, Bhramari, Kapalabhati (mild).
• Āsana: Matsyasana, Bhujangasana, Gomukhasana.
• Mudra: Prāṇa Mudra, Apāna Vāyu Mudra.
• Mantra: ॐ नमो भगवते धन्वन्तरये नमः।

• Light, warm diet
• Tulsi, ginger, pepper decoctions
• Steam inhalation

• Cold, heavy, oily food
• Milk, curd, banana at night
• Cold wind/dust exposure

Rhinitis is inflammation of nasal mucosa, commonly allergic or infective. Symptoms: congestion, sneezing, rhinorrhea. Modern treatment: antihistamines, nasal steroids, decongestants, allergen avoidance. Ayurveda provides preventive Nasya, Dhoomapana, Kapha-shamana therapies.

• CBC (eosinophils)
• IgE, skin prick allergy test
• X-ray/CT PNS
• Nasal endoscopy